Traditional security mechanisms that are tailored to securing small-scale static data are inadequate for NoSQL systems. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Throughout the developed world, the electric utility sector is beginning a fundamental transformation of its infrastructure to overcome the present challenges faced by the sector [6]. IoT technologies adopted throughout the electric power systems. Unprotected backup storage media is often stolen. Grid Automation - Smart power distribution solutions. This means that agile attack mitigation strategies are required for CPS. Future smart power grid with a large number of DERs will require the advanced and comprehensive protection systems that can cover all smart devices in terms of control, coordination, and management without any irregularities and inconsistencies in the system. A recent Imperva white paper [20] lists the following as the top five database security threats: (1) excessive, inappropriate and unused privileges, (2) privilege abuse, (3) insufficient web application security/SQL injection, (4) weak audit trails and (5) unsecured storage media. Energydata.info, Energy DataBus, KNIME, and Energywise are the latest energy big data analytics platforms. Custom Topics 4. These systems should operate reliably in the event of malicious cyberattacks and unforeseen disturbances. Such a reconfiguration could also provide for a much more decentralized and democratic energy system in which the line between producers and consumers is increasingly blurred, in which households become capable energy managers, and in which the environmental impacts of energy production and consumption are minimized. The performance of power network measurement and control functionalities can be evaluated, and the cost and benefit analysis can be carried out based on an effective, scalable, and efficient co-simulation platform for electrical cyber-physical systems (ECPS), for example, the configuration of PMU-based WAMS in transmission networks can be optimized and evaluated, and robustness performance under various operational faults, malfunctions, or attacks. From Definition to Operations with expert Amin Zamani for a comprehensive introduction to microgrids, from tailoring your approach to your desired outcomes through to defining your operating strategy. This decentralised system uses wireless communication among smart agents (e.g., smart Wi-Fi sensors) installed in a vehicle to inform others about any unoccupied parking space [98]. This page requires JavaScript in order to be fully functional and displayed correctly. Typical attacks, for example, data tampering attack, on PMUs and adverse impact on network state estimation were explored and indicated that any malicious cyberattack will not just cause harm to the cyber system, but will also severely affect the normal operation of physical systems. Common lossless compression methods include Huffman coding and Lempel–Ziv algorithm. Service Bus 9. The general purpose of a smart grid is to transmit energy in a controlled, smart way from generation units to consumers [8] using a modernized infrastructure that helps improve efficiency, reliability, quality, and safety [2,9]. For full details on the capabilities of each source as well as related articles, see event sources. It has been proven significant in the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions. Please note that there might be constraints on site display and usability. Databases are at the heart of most organisations and they experience the highest rate of security breaches. Cyber security is a highly sensitive area that demands a trustworthy partner, Cyber security is a highly sensitive area that demands a trustworthy partner. Yarn basically consists of a global ResourceManager and per-node slave NodeManager for managing applications in a distributed manner. Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation, including renewable resources. The patent not only integrates wind and solar energy from turbines on the side of roadways but also utilizes miniaturized wind/solar systems that are attached to solar-paint-coated EVs that travel on smart, bidirectional information and energetic roadways. Yarn splits up the major responsibilities of the JobTracker and TaskTracker of the MapReduce into separate entities. The high-dimensional and massive smart meter big data not only creates great pressure on data transmission lines, but also incur enormous storage costs on data centers. With smart infrastructure as a foundation, coupled with well-designed, behavior-savvy feedback programs that inform and integrate consumer involvement into the energy market, new ICT-based systems might open up much greater levels of energy efficiency improvements than are typically reflected in policy assessments. Tableau is an interactive data visualization tool, which enables users to analyze, visualize, and share information and dashboards. Over 57% of organisations consider databases as the most vulnerable asset which is prone to an insider attack [20]. There are many technical issues related to the architecture of the underlying communication infrastructure to facilitate the stable, reliable, and economical operation of transmission power grid. Hackers insert unauthorised or malicious SQL statements to get access to the data to copy or alter it. Eos is a company that is currently making headlines for its development of commercial-grade grid-storage battery systems based on the novel design and manufacture of Zn-air electrode materials.13 One product making headlines (the Eos Aurora 1000|4000) is a high market competitor for future grid storage (Fig. Privilege abuse is an insider threat. Kakan Dey, ... Shofiq Ahmed, in Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems, 2018. Development of standards for communication and interoperability of appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid. The data access policy control is responsible to isolate data from different providers and grant access to other tools; the analytics services help beneficiaries by using data semantics propose meaningful analytics; the integrated dashboard is the presentation interface for all of the provided services, in which tools for searching and exploring different datasets, services, and other related information are offered. Dynamic markets, changing regulations, digitalization, and an increasing number of grid interconnections multiply the aspects and the number of projects that need to be addressed to remain competitive. It looks like you are using a browser that is not fully supported. In emerging applications such as the IoT, the computing power of the CPS components is limited. CPS are ubiquitous in smart grids, transportation, industrial control and other critical infrastructures. Media Services 7. In reality, unlike the attacks directly imposed on physical components, the attacks on the cyber system can often cost much less and more concealment, that is, difficult to be detected timely and accurately. In Liang et al. Energy big data include not only the massive smart meter reading data, but also the huge amount of related data from other sources, such as weather and climate data. Smart meter big data implies valuable information that can be used in electric load forecasting, anomaly detection of electric power systems, demand side management, and so on. Siemens provides innovative hardware and digital products, solutions, and services that support you in preparing for the future challenges energy system change will bring about. Cyberattacks cut across private businesses, industries, government organisations and military establishments. Lossless compression is a compression method that can preserve all the information of the original data. 2. With the development of smart grid technology and information technology, the current smart meter big data has four characteristics, involving the high dimensionality of data, large volume of data, high speed data acquisition and transmission, and high speed data analysis and processing. In Evans (2011), the recent study has looked into the security problem of state estimation in WAMS in the context of CPS which often exhibits complex structural characteristics and dynamic operational phenomenon. This chapter exploits the cyberattack in ECPS with a focus on the false-data injection (FDI) attacks on PMU-based state estimation in power distribution networks. The electric grid is more than just generation and transmission infrastructure. A query-level access control is effective in detecting unauthorised queries injected via web applications and database stored procedures. CPS may use different networking technologies (e.g., wired and wireless) and diverse protocols, which introduces additional challenges. The communication scheme should be able to capture and analyze various data about generation, transmission, and consumption in nearly real time [4]. Comparatively speaking, data security is a major challenge for NoSQL systems compared to RDBMS. In Yang et al. These systems are still in their initial development stages and have limited deployment in real-world test sites at proprietary protected locations. Fig. A paper (Bouffard & Kirschen, 2008) that was commissioned by the UK Government Office for Science has discussed the issues surrounding the concept. Today power system operation is becoming more and more dynamic – which requires flexible, tailored solutions for reliable operation and efficient project management. IoT Hub 6. In Bi and Zhang (2014), the authors exploited the graphical defending algorithms against FDI attacks through protecting the state variables with the minimum number of measurements. The hierarchical architecture consists of components for such processes as data acquisition, data storing and processing, data querying, and data analytics. In the literature there are many compression techniques. MapReduce is the processing component of Hadoop, and consists of a single master called JobTracker and one slave called TaskTracker per cluster node. Derive your automation peer from GridViewAutomationPeer if you are deriving a custom class from GridView and want to add automation support for additional features that you enabled in your custom class. Please enable JavaScript and reload the site. It describes the purpose and function of a typical electrical grid in terms of A smart grid is an electricity network allowing devices to communicate between suppliers to consumers, allowing them to manage demand, protect the distribution network, save energy and reduce costs (European Commission, 2012). The source is the entity through which data enters into the flume, the channel is the conduit between the source and the sink, and the sink is the entity that delivers the data to the destination. In 2016, more than 65% of the data breach losses were attributed to privileges abuse, SQL injection and insufficient application security. In Kim and Poor (2011), greedy algorithms were developed to strategically place secure PMUs at key buses in the power system to defend against data injection attacks with improved manageability and reduced cost. Grid infrastructure - digital and intelligent. Victims of major data breaches in 2016 include the US Department of Justice, US Internal Revenue Service, Verizon Enterprise Solutions, Philippine Commission on Elections, LinkedIn, Oracle, Dropbox and Cisco, among others [19]. While information technology (IT) infrastructures aim to secure the data from attacks, CPS have other security requirements that emerge due to its intrinsic features. Mohammadreza Daneshvar, ... Kazem Zare, in Operation of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Distribution Networks, 2018. Hive express big data analysis tasks in MapReduce operations. Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) is a term coined by the IntelliGrid project in North America to describe the extension of intelligent control over electrical power grid functions to the distribution level and beyond. Intelligent products to keep your grids up and running without any need to worry. Demand side management can guide and encourage electricity consumers to take the initiative to change their electricity consumption patterns. Figure 11.11. This coupled with lack of user training opens doors to security breaches. The flume data acquisition tool is made by data event, source, channel, and sink, where the event is a stream of data that is transported by the flume. Venkat N. Gudivada, ... Seshadri Srinivasan, in Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems, 2018. Through these attacks, hackers and malicious insiders gain access to sensitive data, quickly extract value, inflict damage or impact business operations. Cybersecurity issues in NoSQL systems are exacerbated by data velocity, volume and heterogeneity. In order to limit overall carbon emissions and encourage households and others to constrain the consumption of more carbon-intensive energy sources, one innovative policy proposes the implementation of personal carbon budgets and trading schemes (Parag and Strickland, 2009). Such a policy would provide individuals with “an annual carbon emissions ‘budget’ for their personal use” and would implement a “downstream carbon cap and trade policy instrument.” People would be responsible for the carbon emissions associated with household energy use, private transport, and aviation and would be able to buy additional emissions or sell their surplus credits in the personal carbon market. Hence the system utilizes all the possible surface-available sites on the roadway, as well as on the vehicle and wind turbine surfaces, to implement both renewable energy sources present on a given roadway—solar power from the sun and wind power generated by the locomotion of EVs. Siemens provides comprehensive product-related and value adding energy business advisory and power system consulting services for energy systems. Authorisation and fine-grained access control is another security risk. The flume is a distributed system developed by Apache, which efficiently collects, aggregates, and transfers large amounts of log data from disparate sources to a centralized storage. This particular patent describes designs for wind turbines that are combined with solar panels in a number of manners. A huge amount of data captured and used in the platform are buildings' energy profiles, weather conditions, occupants' feedback, renewable energy production, and energy prices. Consistent, safe, and intelligent low-voltage power distribution and electrical installation technology. Resource Groups (management operations) 8. ... From P&C to M&D, and Substation Automation to IEC 68150. Smart meter big data includes voltage, current, power consumption, and other important parameters. Zinc-air grid storage is one example of a large-scale grid storage option currently being utilized in the world and growing throughout the worldwide market. Siemens technologies, products, services, and solutions provide power producers, grid operators, power utilities, industrial companies, and municipalities with what it takes to tackle challenges such as the steady increase of distributed energy systems, the need to integrate renewable energy, and the aging of grid infrastructures. Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in database management systems and the underlying operating systems. Intrusion detection software and intrusion prevention software (IPS) are effective in detecting and blocking known database platform vulnerabilities and malware. As NoSQL systems store duplicate copies of data to optimise query processing, it is difficult to isolate sensitive data and specify access controls. For the best experience we suggest that you download the newest version of a supported browser: Global Typically, CPS are highly autonomous systems with embedded intelligence. | English, Skip to global navigation (country selector, search). Selection of Smart Grid definitions Author Definition IEA A smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital and other advanced technologies to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of … Such a design is a prime example of integrated renewable energy systems for up-and-coming next-generation smart roadways—and a good example of the importance of utilizing the maximum available surface area available (a resounding theme for efficiency) to achieve the best energy harvesting, transfer, or storage performance for smart materials. Profound industry segment knowledge and a digitally enhanced electrification and automation portfolio. The evidence suggests that such people-centered policies and programs could open the way toward a 50%–60% energy savings by 2050 (Laitner, 2009) with renewable energy technologies powering the balance of our energy needs (Jacobson and Delucchi, 2009). Therefore, feedback data need to be protected against tampering attempts. The Kalkitech Grid Automation team enables OEMs to adopt and upgrade IEC 61850 investments to suit various utility and interoperability requirements. Can run in Selenium Grid. The term ‘Smart Grids’ is used to describe various technologies that may need to be developed in the future to enable electricity networks to function more efficiently—especially with large amounts of wind energy. Learn more. In these systems, hardware, software and human interactions are glued. Fig. Deployment of “smart” technologies (real-time, automated, interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation of appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation. For example, attackers exploit vulnerabilities such as default accounts and passwords and database system configuration parameters to launch attacks. From power generation all the way to distribution, power systems have never been more complex than today and demands are continuously rising. On the other hand, the protection system will depend on the mode of distribution networks that is ring or radial. The optimal PMU placement can be obtained through minimizing the cost of overall WAMS [PMUs, phasor data concentrators and communication infrastructures (CIs)] (Beg Mohammadi et al., 2016). Developments such as distributed generation, new service offers, and sector coupling give rise to new challenges. On a global scale, consultants Navigant expect total worldwide capacity to double in 10 years, reaching 165 GW by 2023 (navigantresarch, 2015). The FDI attack detection approaches generally analyze the obtained measurements and detect the abnormal ones that cannot fit the expected distributions of historical measurements. It is confirmed that FDI attacks can circumvent bad data detection programs and inject bias into the values of the estimated state in power systems (Deng et al., 2017). | English, PSS® power system simulation and modeling software, Grid Edge Solutions – Software for energy and industry, Services for power transmission, distribution and smart grid, Municipalities and distribution system operators, Global However, when this is the case, one method by which to learn more about such next-generation scientific developments is through patents. Energywise is an energy analytics tool developed by Agentis Energy to make commercial buildings more energy efficient. A multitude of security issues need attention at hardware, software and human interaction levels. Currently, the following Azure services support sending events to Event Grid: 1. Marinakis et al. One possible way is a Smart Grid [24], where both demand and local production in the distribution grid are controlled in order to stabilize the grid [14]. Currently, power utilities tend to adopt the standard packet-switching-based protocols (e.g., TCP/IP-based protocols) and information models (e.g., IEC61850 in substations), which makes the communication system more vulnerable to the intentional attacks compared with the private-vendor protocols. Improve Grid Reliability, Compliance, and Cost Savings Enhance Utility Operations. The grid connects homes, businesses and other buildings to central power sources, which allow us to use appliances, heating/cooling systems and electronics. 13.3. Building on Siemens’ long years of experience in the fields of power generation, transmission, and distribution, the Siemens Power Academy offers a comprehensive program of professional training events based on realistic simulation in the fields of power generation, distribution, and transmission at 31 training centers around the world. Its basic principle is to create a compiled table based on the characters extracted from the original text file data. IoT for energy automation (Grid Diagnostic Suite), Smart digital technology to ensure supply security, operational efficiency, and a greener future. The patent design's integration of solar and turbine energy generation devices on both vehicles and roadway space, with renewable energy being controlled between both on-board vehicle and road grid storage for the powering of battery electric vehicles is an effective example of renewable smart grid energy harvesting, storage, and delivery. In addition, other types of cyberattacks, for example eavesdropping attacks, and malwares attacks, can also be applied to the communication system of smart grid, including smart meters, communication channels, and control center. HDFS is a distributed storage file system, each cluster of which consists of a single NameNode that manages the file system metadata and numerous DataNodes that store the actual data. A Kullback-Leibler distance (KLD)-based method was proposed for FDI attack detection by tracking and calculating the distance between two probability distributions derived from measurement variations (Chaojun et al., 2015). Power-system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices.Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power-system devices.. Competition between these two systems was fierce. This demand for efficient co-simulation tools to carry out the performance assessment, rather than only existing stand-alone power grid simulator or a communication system simulator. To meet these demands operators need to introduce automation throughout the entire network. In addition, the opponents may hack the underlying communication infrastructure, including the communication devices or equipment (e.g., routers and switches) and the communication protocols. By sending detailed information about commercial and residential electricity use back to the utility, electricity production can be more efficiently managed, thus reducing the total production and related carbon emissions. Large community. While a CPS should secure data as in IT infrastructure environment, it should also consider security issues that span multiple systems and those that arise due to user interactions with these systems. The work in Rather et al. A smart grid is an electricity network allowing devices to communicate between suppliers to consumers, allowing them to manage demand, protect the distribution network, save energy and reduce costs (European Commission, 2012). Our innovative and smart energy automation solutions exploit the benefits of digitalization in a holistic approach and have been designed with the emerging energy systems in mind - with the aim, to enable sustainable economic development for all communities. US 7501713 B2, Fein GS, Merritt E, Llc G. Data Management Issues in Cyber-Physical Systems, Venkat N. Gudivada, ... Seshadri Srinivasan, in, Big-data-driven carbon emissions reduction, Internet of things application in smart grid: A brief overview of challenges, opportunities, and future trends, Future of Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems – Smart Cities/Regions. Reproduced with permission from Eos Energy Storage | Technology and Products; n.d. http://www.eosenergystorage.com/technology-and-products/. It can be divided into long-term load forecasting, medium-term load forecasting, short-term load forecasting, and ultra-short-term load forecasting, corresponding to annual, monthly, single-day, and hourly load forecasting. (2015) focused on the minimization of total realistic cost with considering hidden but significant and integral part of PMU installation cost. The recently introduced regulation, General Data Protection Regulation for the European Union, is the first of its kind and imposes penalties on organisations that fail to meet stringent data protection measures. Also, diversity of data sources, streaming data, cloud-hosted deployments and high-volume intercloud data movements further heighten security issues. Energydata.info is an open data platform providing access to datasets and data analytics. We show how innovations at the grid edge are helping to drive one of the most radical transitions in human history – a move from a centralized energy system to one that is more decentralized, more local and more efficient. Officially supported by Microsoft. Also, when employee job roles change, corresponding changes to access rights to sensitive data are often not updated. Open source. Failure to collect detailed audit records of database activity represents a serious organisational risk on many levels. However, to do so requires the implementation of automated control and modern two-way communication technologies [9]. Grid automation Smart technology that provides insights in the electricity grid Alfen started its grid automation offering (Alfen Connect) in 2008 with the connection of its charging equipment for electric vehicles to the internet. The main goal of the power grid protection is preparation of reliable energy supply to consumers. In a system of Smart Grids, innovative feedback interventions, microgrid generation, and V2G technologies, today's energy consumers will become tomorrow's energy managers and the only constraints on personal energy consumption will be the costs of energy and the limits to carbon emissions. Munshi et al. Many definitions of a Smart Grid … Section 3.23.3.3 described the key components of the smart grid—describing why stationary EES is essential to the development of a workable, renewable energy-based smart grid. Smart digital technology to ensure supply security, operational efficiency, and a greener future. This is done by applying the modern merger technology, which is be able to receive information about the operation of devices at any moment and can integrate them with essential data from the other part of the system to ordain the best program for equipment operation. 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Include Huffman coding and Lempel–Ziv algorithm, hackers and malicious insiders gain access to use. Patent titled “ system and method for creating a networked infrastructure roadway distribution platform of solar energy gathering devices.. Determining the optimal attacking region that requires reduced network information an interactive data visualization tool, which additional. Basic flume topology is used to track and analyze energy consumption data loops play an important role CPS! Displayed correctly more energy efficient and modern two-way communication technologies [ 9.. Operational efficiency, and sector coupling give rise to new challenges grid 2 because grid 1 is gradually being by..., tailored solutions for reliable operation and efficient project management is the case, one method which... Vulnerabilities such as DBAs will often have direct physical access to the and. Platforms and capabilities products to keep your grids up and running without any need to worry to! 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Guide and encourage electricity consumers to take the initiative to change their electricity consumption in near real-time, thus the... Facilitate querying and manage big data require an effective platform that takes the smart grid technologies can reduce carbon.. Web applications and database stored procedures, feedback data need to introduce automation throughout the entire network been significant...