More battles ensued and again, the Syracusans and their allies defeated the Athenians. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. /BitsPerComponent 8 After these battles, the Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines; their product supplied much of the Athenian war fund. But Xerxes still reigns supreme in numbers over sea and land. 8 . Athens vs. Sparta Athens and Sparta were so different that they hardly had anything in common. Sparta is not considered as home to any modern civilization. Thucydides reports that the Corinthians condemned Sparta's inactivity up to that point, warning the Spartans that if they continued to remain passive while the Athenians were energetically active, they would soon find themselves outflanked and without allies. /Creator (�� w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . The delay allowed the Syracusans to send for help from Sparta, who sent their general Gylippus to Sicily with reinforcements. 2018. The location of Rm. [10] According to Thucydides, although the Spartans took no action at this time, they "secretly felt aggrieved". The Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by Brasidas, and signed a truce. These ships were then released, and served as the core of the Athenians' fleet throughout the rest of the war. However, it was a time of constant skirmishing in and around the Peloponnese. From 414 BC, Darius II, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire had started to resent increasing Athenian power in the Aegean and had his satrap Tissaphernes enter into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 BC led to the Persian reconquest of the greater part of Ionia. Through cunning strategy, Lysander totally defeated the Athenian fleet, in 405 BC, at the Battle of Aegospotami, destroying 168 ships and capturing some three or four thousand Athenian sailors. SHARE THE AWESOMENESS. Syracuse, the principal city of Sicily, was not much smaller than Athens, and conquering all of Sicily would have brought Athens an immense amount of resources. /Title (�� C o m p a r i n g a t h e n s a n d s p a r t a w o r k s h e e t a n s w e r k e y) �Z�+��rI��4���n�������=�S�j�Zg�@R ��QΆL��ۦ�������S�����K���3qK����C�3��g/���'���k��>�I�E��+�{����)��Fs���/Ė- �=��I���7I �{g�خ��(�9`�������S���I��#�ǖGPRO��+���{��\_��wW��4W�Z�=���#ן�-���? %PDF-1.4 (�f�y�$ ����؍v��3����S}B�2E�����َ_>������.S, �'��5ܠo���������}��ز�y���������� ����Ǻ�G���l�a���|��-�/ ����B����QR3��)���H&�ƃ�s��.��_�l�&bS�#/�/^��� �|a����ܚ�����TR��,54�Oj��аS��N- �\�\����GRX�����G�����‡�r]=��i$ 溻w����ZM[�X�H�J_i��!TaOi�0��W��06E��rc 7|U%���b~8zJ��7�T ���v�������K������OŻ|I�NO:�"���gI]��̇�*^��� @�-�5m>l~=U4!�fO�ﵽ�w賔��ٛ�/�?�L���'W��ӣ�_��Ln�eU�HER `�����p�WL�=�k}m���������=���w�s����]�֨�]. /SMask /None>> Spa rta. The longest Spartan invasion, in 430 BC, lasted just forty days. ", LibriVox: The History of the Peloponnesian War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peloponnesian_War&oldid=996620383, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 18:25. _abc cc embed * Powtoon is not liable for any 3rd party content used. I chose Sparta because they where a Society were all men were treated the same. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy. The Peloponnesian War was soon followed by the Corinthian War (394–386 BC), which, although it ended inconclusively, helped Athens regain some of its former greatness. The Spartans also occupied Attica for periods of only three weeks at a time; in the tradition of earlier hoplite warfare the soldiers were expected to go home to participate in the harvest. 1 2 . "He then assigned to Lysander all the tribute which came in from his cities and belonged to him personally, and gave him also the balance he had on hand; and, after reminding Lysander how good a friend he was both to the Lacedaemonian state and to him personally, he set out on the journey to his father." Barry Strauss: Athens after the Peloponnesian War. In this phase, Sparta, now receiving support from the Achaemenid Empire, supported rebellions in Athens's subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens's empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. Athens was "to have the same friends and enemies" as Sparta. The Battle of Mantinea was the largest land battle fought within Greece during the Peloponnesian War. /Width 625 Athens was then victorious at the naval battle of Arginusae. /SA true The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt. The surrender stripped Athens of its walls, its fleet, and all of its overseas possessions. In Sparta people worship their bodies. Sparta was based on oligarchy and had two rulers. In Athens people worship their minds. The plague ravaged the densely packed city, and in the long run, was a significant cause of its final defeat. Athens Homework! However, the Athenian warships participated in the battle nevertheless, and the arrival of additional Athenian triremes was enough to dissuade the Corinthians from exploiting their victory, thus sparing much of the routed Corcyrean and Athenian fleet.[17]. Fearing that he would be unjustly condemned, Alcibiades defected to Sparta and Nicias was placed in charge of the mission. Athens Vs SpartaComparing ThemAthens and Sparta were both prominent city states in aincent Greece but it is clear that Athens is supior over Sparta. Each city-state is different, but they have more in common than one may think. The rebels quickly secured the support of a Persian satrap, and Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the empire. The Athenians managed to survive for several reasons. Athens vs Sparta Sierra Cook American Military University Background The purpose of this assignment is to engage in a battle of wits to prove whether Athens or Sparta is … Under Gylippus, the Syracusans and their allies were able to decisively defeat the Athenians on land; and Gylippus encouraged the Syracusans to build a navy, which was able to defeat the Athenian fleet when they attempted to withdraw. Parnon (1,935 m). ), which took its name from the geometric motifs that decorate its … You should identify at least 4 important facts about each of the stations you visit. But, due to bad weather, the Athenians were unable to rescue their stranded crews or finish off the Spartan fleet. In the final stages of the preparations for departure, the hermai (religious statues) of Athens were mutilated by unknown persons, and Alcibiades was charged with religious crimes. Perhaps worst of all, the nearby silver mines were totally disrupted, with as many as 20,000 Athenian slaves freed by the Spartan hoplites at Decelea. Sparta Women Vs. Athens Women Greece Empire have two poleis which are Sparta and Athens that dominated Greek life and politics in the Classical Age. By Natalie . At the start of the war, the Athenians had prudently put aside some money and 100 ships that were to be used only as a last resort. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved, but Sparta refused. Seizing its opportunity, the Spartan fleet sailed at once to the Dardanelles, the source of Athens's grain. /Height 155 In 403 BC, the oligarchs were overthrown and a democracy was restored by Thrasybulus. Athens and Sparta Comparison. Nicias then sent word to Athens asking for reinforcements. He took command of the Syracusan troops, and in a series of battles defeated the Athenian forces, and prevented them from invading the city. Many of the citizens of Attica abandoned their farms and moved inside the Long Walls, which connected Athens to its port of Piraeus. Athens sent out a sizable contingent (4,000 hoplites), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain. Although the term "Peloponnesian War" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians. Sparta killed babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family. Prominent among the states that never experienced tyranny was Sparta, a fact remarked on even in antiquity. The delay was costly and forced the Athenians into a major sea battle in the Great Harbor of Syracuse. /Subtype /Image /CA 1.0 The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet. Sparta and its allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies which were very nearly unbeatable (thanks to the legendary Spartan forces). [4][5] The war also wrought subtler changes to Greek society; the conflict between democratic Athens and oligarchic Sparta, each of which supported friendly political factions within other states, made war a common occurrence in the Greek world. Athens stretched their military activities into Boeotia and Aetolia, quelled the Mytilenean revolt and began fortifying posts around the Peloponnese. >> In 411 BC this fleet engaged the Spartans at the Battle of Syme. athens vs sparta chart, athens vs sparta using this in our lesson tomorrow, athens vs sparta venn diagram sada margarethaydon com, athens vs sparta brochure, comparing athens and sparta … Athens Vs Sparta: who is Superior. Between the two, there were similarities and differences. These two city-states had few similarities but were contrasted in many, many ways. It was alleged that the Megarians had desecrated the Hiera Orgas. Education. Nicias and Demosthenes marched their remaining forces inland in search of friendly allies. Following this, Athens instructed Potidaea in the peninsula of Chalkidiki, a tributary ally of Athens but a colony of Corinth, to tear down its walls, send hostages to Athens, dismiss the Corinthian magistrates from office, and refuse the magistrates that the city would send in the future. [35], The overall effect of the war in Greece proper was to replace the Athenian Empire with a Spartan empire. [12] When the rebellious helots were finally forced to surrender and permitted to evacuate the state, the Athenians settled them at the strategic city of Naupaktos on the Gulf of Corinth. [27] There, Cyrus allied with the Spartan general Lysander. /CreationDate (D:20201003084407+03'00') Is this statement about Sparta, Athens or both of them: Boys start training at age 7 and were in the military until age 60. answer choices . When Cyrus was recalled to Susa by his dying father Darius, he gave Lysander the revenues from all of his cities of Asia Minor. $ @H* �,�T Y � �@R d�� ���{���ؘ]>cNwy���M� The Syracusan cavalry rode them down mercilessly, eventually killing or enslaving all who were left of the mighty Athenian fleet. A further source of provocation was an Athenian decree, issued in 433/2 BC, imposing stringent trade sanctions on Megarian citizens (once more a Spartan ally after the conclusion of the First Peloponnesian War). Athens vs. Sparta...Athens Vs. Sparta Throughout the ancient world there were two dominating empires. The Lacedaemonians were not content with simply sending aid to Sicily; they also resolved to take the war to the Athenians. According to the textbook World Civilizations, Sparta is located in the southern Peloponnesus about eighty miles from Athens. [11] Early Spartan attempts to break up the coalition failed, and the leadership of the Spartan king Agis was called into question. They were the biggest of rivals, two towering cities at their peak, the most influential cultural, military, and trade powers of western civilization in the first millennium B.C. The first section of “Athens-Sparta” begins with objects from both cities during the Geometric Period (1050-700 B.C. Q. Thucydides was dispatched with a force which arrived too late to stop Brasidas capturing Amphipolis; Thucydides was exiled for this, and, as a result, had the conversations with both sides of the war which inspired him to record its history. After suffering a defeat at the hands of their colony of Corcyra, a sea power that was not allied to either Sparta or Athens, Corinth began to build an allied naval force. "The winter following Tissaphernes put Iasus in a state of defence, and passing on to Miletus distributed a month's pay to all the ships as he had promised at Lacedaemon, at the rate of an Attic drachma a day for each man." endobj At the same time, Athens greatly increased its own power; a number of its formerly independent allies were reduced, over the course of the century, to the status of tribute-paying subject states of the Delian League. The fleet appointed Alcibiades their leader, and continued the war in Athens's name. One of these posts was near Pylos on a tiny island called Sphacteria, where the course of the first war turned in Athens's favour. B. This debate was attended by members of the league and an uninvited delegation from Athens, which also asked to speak, and became the scene of a debate between the Athenians and the Corinthians. With the death of Cleon and Brasidas, zealous war hawks for both nations, the Peace of Nicias was able to last for some six years. Matters nearly came to a head between Sparta and Athens in 465 BC. For a time during this conflict, Athens controlled not only Megara but also Boeotia; at its end, however, in the face of a massive Spartan invasion of Attica, the Athenians ceded the lands they had won on the Greek mainland, and Athens and Sparta recognized each other's right to control their respective alliance systems. Athens. /Producer (�� Q t 4 . I LOVE teaching students about Athens and Sparta because they get so into it! The plague wiped out over 30,000 citizens, sailors and soldiers, including Pericles and his sons. Thus, Cyrus put all his means at the disposal of Lysander in the Peloponnesian War. Ancient Greek warfare, meanwhile, originally a limited and formalized form of conflict, was transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale. After boasting that he could put an end to the affair in the Assembly, the inexperienced Cleon won a great victory at the Battle of Sphacteria. The faction hostile to Alcibiades triumphed in Athens following a minor Spartan victory by their skillful general Lysander at the naval battle of Notium in 406 BC. answer choices . Sparta was known for its military might and prowess, as well as its equality. Alarmed, Corcyra sought an alliance with Athens, which after debate and input from both Corcyra and Corinth, decided to swear a defensive alliance with Corcyra. The three reasons I decided on Athens are its education, government, and economy. by A.H. Clough. Lily Natalia Orest Following the defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, it was widely believed that the end of the Athenian Empire was at hand. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The Spartan fleet under Callicratidas lost 70 ships and the Athenians lost 25 ships. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. Ed. The Corinthians, the Spartans, and others in the Peloponnesian League sent more reinforcements to Syracuse, in the hopes of driving off the Athenians; but instead of withdrawing, the Athenians sent another hundred ships and another 5,000 troops to Sicily. Upon arriving, he raised up a force from several Sicilian cities, and went to the relief of Syracuse. During the subsequent Battle of Potidaea, the Corinthians unofficially aided Potidaea by sneaking contingents of men into the besieged city to help defend it. After his defection, Alcibiades claimed to the Spartans that the Athenians planned to use Sicily as a springboard for the conquest of all of Italy and Carthage, and to use the resources and soldiers from these new conquests to conquer the Peloponnese. Thasos was an island in northern Aegean and a member of the Delian League which had disagreements with Athens about control of precious metal mines and trade on the mainland. Alcibiades, while condemned as a traitor, still carried weight in Athens. Thus, the two powers were relatively unable to fight decisive battles. Though these are not very far away from each other, there … Athens. While the Spartans refrained from action themselves, some of their allies began to talk of revolt. Their opposition led to the reinstitution of a democratic government in Athens within two years. Led militarily by a clever new general Demosthenes (not to be confused with the later Athenian orator Demosthenes), the Athenians managed some successes as they continued their naval raids on the Peloponnese. I made with help from others (narrated by Steve, written by Anthony) about the battle of Mantinea. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved. These two cities were both powerful and famous but significantly different. Cavalry was limited to about 30 horses, which proved to be no match for the large and highly trained Syracusan cavalry. All of this was due, in no small part, to Alcibiades. Demosthenes, however, outmanoeuvred the Spartans in the Battle of Pylos in 425 BC and trapped a group of Spartan soldiers on Sphacteria as he waited for them to surrender. 30 seconds . 2 are questions on Athens and the other 2 are for Sparta. Although the power of Athens was broken, it made something of a recovery as a result of the Corinthian War and continued to play an active role in Greek politics. On the advice of Alcibiades, they fortified Decelea, near Athens, and prevented the Athenians from making use of their land year round. 3/7 Due: 3/22/13 Envision a world where the people are ravenous and yearning for any remnant of food they could obtain, where … [36], A symbolic peace treaty was signed by the mayors of Athens and Sparta 2,400 years after the war ended, on March 12, 1996. In him, Cyrus found a man who was willing to help him become king, just as Lysander himself hoped to become absolute ruler of Greece by the aid of the Persian prince. At the Battle of Sybota, a small contingent of Athenian ships played a critical role in preventing a Corinthian fleet from capturing Corcyra. << They were supported in this by Argos, a powerful state within the Peloponnese that had remained independent of Lacedaemon. Roughly one-third to two-thirds of the Athenian population died. While this invasion deprived Athenians of the productive land around their city, Athens itself was able to maintain access to the sea, and did not suffer much. If I had the option to live in Ancient Sparta or Ancient Athens, I would undoubtedly select Athens. 5) SURVEY . The Athenians captured 300 Spartan hoplites. The people of Athens were interested in arts, music, and intellectual pursuits. [18] The Corinthians, outraged by these actions, encouraged Potidaea to revolt and assured them that they would ally with them should they revolt from Athens. Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta were the two largest Greek city-states of the Ancient world. Athens and Sparta. In 430 BC an outbreak of a plague hit Athens. The Democratic city of Athens, first on the path of Xerxes' army, bases its strength on its fleet, led by admiral Themistocles. Main Differences Between Athens and Sparta. The trial resulted in the execution of six of Athens's top naval commanders. << Athens proceeded to bring under its control all of Greece except for Sparta and its allies, ushering in a period which is known to history as the Athenian Empire. The Original Thucydides Trap: Sparta vs. Athens. The Athenians felt obliged to assist their ally. Sparta, on the other hand, was recognized for its military strength. Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire. [19] Historians that attribute responsibility for the war to Athens cite this event as the main cause for blame. [13], In 459 BC, Athens took advantage of a war between its neighbors Megara and Corinth, both Spartan allies, to conclude an alliance with Megara, giving the Athenians a critical foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth. He prevented the Athenian fleet from attacking Athens; instead, he helped restore democracy by more subtle pressure. Its empire began as a small group of city-states, called the Delian League – from the island of Delos, on which they kept their treasury – that came together to ensure that the Greco-Persian Wars were truly over. At each station you will read the text, determine important information, and capture your notes on your graphic organizer. In order to uphold the Thirty Years' Peace, however, the Athenians were instructed not to intervene in the battle unless it was clear that Corinth was going to press onward to invade Corcyra. Athenian manpower was correspondingly drastically reduced and even foreign mercenaries refused to hire themselves out to a city riddled with plague. Girls were trained in group exercises and agility at once, so that he might defend himself before expedition! Supported in this activity, students must fill in a venn diagram to compare the traits of Athens 's.. Spartan system possible, but divided by its name, but now the post off Pylos began attracting runaways... 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