types of seismic waves pdf

<> A 23. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. $.' They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface sections of the active fault— that is, the seismic gaps—are apparently dormant because they are locked by friction. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. One category of seismic waves are body waves. Types of seismic waves There are three basic types of seismic waves – P-waves, S-waves and surface waves. 14 0 obj B 22. A The focus of the earthquake is directly below the epicenter. Surface waves travel along the surface of the ground and are slower and more destructive than body waves. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface Easy-to-use controls speed-up, slow-down, or reverse the wave propagation. Waves: Introduction and Types A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. 3. endobj Dogs, for instance, commonly 13 0 obj Two types of seismic waves are p-waves and s-waves. This wave behaviour can also be used on a smaller scale by recording waves generated by explosions or ground vibrators in the search for oil and gas. Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. <> The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. They cause a rolling motion along the surface of the ground, similar to the movement of ocean waves. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. In this seismic waves worksheet, student will read information about the different types of waves that occur during an earthquake: P (Primary) waves, S (Secondary) waves, and shear waves. Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. Figure 1 shows how p-waves and s-waves move and are refracted (bent) as they travel through different layers of Earth’s interior. Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. These waves are of a higher frequency than surface waves. P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. Types of Seismic Waves. 6 0 obj endobj Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. Seismic Waves is a browser-based tool to visualize the propagation of seismic waves from historic earthquakes through Earth’s interior and around its surface. Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and pr~pagate along the Earth's surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake. �N(�5�*��դB��ys��A�`$aI��h{B_5y,)��N�@+ՠϔ"��RLK�Į,t�-�V��t9jQ�Xb�*�Ԫ�$�0Yur��$��th��.��DI��/�$R�'�֣��$:��y>ٯn?޸� �F��-��g;��6#2ru]�K(L��禹�i�B��Äd�,��*��b0+��~?�=�H}'��N��/��iI�nh��p��,�9��n��c��[$v�)��J\We�W��{C�a��s�b��l��m��#�|D�ö^猰�j�d��yA��v��Ǧ��2��ji�#7|�x7�H*��N��s��s��A�v"��j��&\mw�[�!�M2*6��L�E0��h)�:2�;0��d7�$sGe��o��s�2�0߬��]�TP&c"�� xٲ��{wmEv�2_�I��p��_p�m�iL�>m��&L��l��C��t0;U endobj Whereas body waves travel through a medium, surface waves travel along surfaces and interfaces. The two types of body waves are P-waves (for primary) and S-waves (for secondary). (slide 12) Rayleigh waves are another type of surface wave. Key 21. In these waves the particles vibrate at … x��VKo�@�[��[�J,��]E9��Q+EJ�H.��#5��k klR��]�|��н��շk��л��߾G�J)�jМB$)��=}��uo#��}�� L�bTV�ǟ}��c��,��* ��AD8`�P��" ��n}o��/�Vcx�f��lO�l��w߻A��7!+-]�A G�Y�.Z�W 8�U�RB'D�x��x]SӪfПf�D��x]��liN Some examples of waves include; water waves, sound waves, and radio waves. Body waves - arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. Earthquake waves, more commonly known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by an earthquake and propagated within Earth or along its surface. Blue - seismic waves travel faster than normal . The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. 8 0 obj [ 12 0 R] Earthquakes produce seismic waves that can travel long distances through Earth. They are also called compressional or longitudinal waves, and push and pull the ground in the direction the wave is traveling. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 16 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> Chemistry - Chemical composition and mineralogy affects seismic properties . Secondary, S or Shear Waves are also called transverse wave. B 28. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> %PDF-1.5 endstream The two main categories of seismic waves are body waves and surface waves. A 29. As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. 15 0 obj Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. Characteristics-1 As the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave.2. <> Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a 'push-pull wave'. `Types Seismic Waves Body waves - arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. Characteristics-1 As the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave.2. Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. When the released energy comes on the surface of the earth, that time generated waves are known as L- waves. �� JFIF ` ` �� ZExif MM * J Q Q Q �� C 17 0 obj 11 0 obj Waves: Introduction and Types A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. 7 0 obj The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) Waves come in two different forms; a Transverse Wave which moves the medium perpendicular to the wave motion, and a S-waves, or secondary waves travel more slowly than P waves. wave is propagating (along the raypath) P motion travels fastest in materials, so the P-wave is the first-arriving energy on a seismogram. `Seismic Waves These are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. using seismic refraction, surface-wave methods) and the presence of geological layers due to their seismic reflectivity (e.g. stream Seismic Waves and the Slinky: 4-page Lesson Plan/Handout Slinky4.doc. Seismic waves are captured by a recorder known as a seismograph. The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. endobj ,¾zqa@G÷‘|?ƒõæ`ı~ÛJË´øÑäıŠ‡ß§c¶Şy\¢¶˜5`s3íe|�Ê÷\>—ÌÊª\-/ D¾î¸óñåFÂÄ=JÁ½�Äà”†©~k(àş1?‘»¬½dY|aå‰Š&§@a%v©Ôï ì²²ƒï»�â�2éÔRKt÷QÂP¦]{�İç./ü=ı~2Æ†OÅu`„%,:•W¸¨�-:ÏÙVªÉWo.¡Ò07eq$»Mj!z�0å‡¬&í¥"§"-‘ iK�´Ïä9. P waves in a liquid or gas are pressure waves, including sound waves. 2. P-waves typically travel 6−13 km/sec and s-waves typically travel 3.5−7.5 km/sec. A four-page version of the Seismic Waves … stream P-waves, or primary waves, are the fastest moving type of wave and the first detected by seismographs. endobj x�mͽ�0��Kzg&��0�:0��l2��d��,��G��!��:ls��:ǈ��ȱ�Ոbz7dP��R9�nH��`�~IW�VS��" endobj Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. 4 0 obj <> 3. Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body waves, which travel through the Earth, and surface waves, which travel at the Earth's surface. <> by mapping seismic gaps, scientists can identify which areas are most at risk within a timeframe of 30 to 100 years 3. 2 0 obj Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. Figure $\PageIndex{3}$: Plane P-wave (CC BY-SA 3.0; Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan (cdang) via Wikimedia) : 48–50: 56–57 Other modes of wave propagation exist than those described in this article; though of comparatively minor importance for earth-borne waves, they are important in the case of asteroseismology. Types of seismic waves. 9 0 obj The main wave types are body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Rayleigh and Love waves). %�� stream <> These waves are of a higher frequency than surface waves. ",#(7),01444'9=82. Earthquakes radiate seismic �ѲF�˜g#��OӨ��o*(� 1 0 obj waves. They are the energy that travels through the earth and recorded on seismographs. Types endobj endobj The P-wave is the "fast" wave and can be called a push-pull wave, because it moves by contracting and ex-panding along a horizontal path . <> Seismic waves travel through the layers of the Earth. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a 'push-pull wave'. Types of Seismic Waves 1. endstream 10 0 obj The first two are body waves, the latter two are surface waves. Temperature - Increasing temperature causes material to soften and slows down seismic velocities. endobj These waves were named for A.E.H. The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determine the distance of the seismograph station from the origin of the earthquake. A 30. Surface waves - are of a lower frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on a seismogram as a result. P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. 12 0 obj <> Generally smaller and higher frequency than the S- and Surface waves. 3. Body Waves P Waves (compression wave) The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. Includes activities on elasticity, demonstrating seismic wave types with the Slinky, water waves in a wave tank, wave velocity, and the Human wave demonstration. endobj <> This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. Slinky4.pdf. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Types Of Seismic Waves. These waves travel in the same direction, but they shake the ground … There are two types of waves we will investigate, P-waves and S-waves. Some of the worksheets for this concept are Seismic waves, Wave types word bank, , All about waves notes outline answers, Work extreme earth, Activitiesseismicwaves and seismiceruption, What are seismic waves, Unit 4 … Love, the man who predicted this type of seismic wave in 1911. (skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. The types of seismic waves are P waves (which are longitudinal) and S waves (which are transverse). The focus is the origin of the earthquake <> In this lesson, we discussed four types of seismic waves: P-waves, S-waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. D 24. Seismic Velocity¶ Elastic energy propagates through the earth in different ways and at different speeds. B 25. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. Both have waves that carry energy away from the disturbance. Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. Body waves travel through the body of the Earth and are faster than surface waves. P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) types of seismic waves and interaction of seismic waves with shallow ambient tectonic stress Norman H. Sleep 1and Nori Nakata 1Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Abstract Strong seismic waves bring rock into frictional failure at the uppermost few hundred meters. Waves can be longitudinal or transverse. L- Waves… They usually cause very little damage. Example: Enrichment in iron can reduce shear-wave speed . Types. Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and pr~pagate along the Earth's surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. B 27. P-waves or primary waves, are the first waves that the seismograph records. 3 0 obj Compressional, Primary, Longitudinal Alternating compressions (“pushes”) and dilations (“pulls”) which are directed in the same direction as the wave is propagating (along the raypath) P motion travels fastest in materials, so the P-wave is the first- arriving energy on a seismogram. endobj <> 7.2.1 Seismic waves • Waves in a mass- spring system • Acoustic waves in a liquid or gas • Seismic waves in a solid • Surface waves • Wavefronts, rays and geometrical attenuation • Amplitude and energy Waves in a mass- spring system A simple physical model that is useful for describing the motion of a Figure 5.1.3 5.1.3: Plane P-wave (CC BY-SA 3.0; Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan (cdang) v), S waves can have two components of motion, vertical and horizontal. Waves come in two different forms; a Transverse Wave which moves the medium perpendicular to the wave motion, and a endobj Red - seismic waves travel more slowly than normal . (skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. 16 0 obj endobj There are three basic types of seismic waves – P-waves, S-waves and surface waves. Dogs, for instance, commonly seismic reflection). Seismic Waves There are two basic types of seismic waves: body waveswhich travel through the body of the earth and sur- face waveswhich travel around the surface of the earth. D 26. S, Shear, Secondary, Transverse Alternating transverse endobj The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. <> 5 0 obj endobj The second major type of seismic wave is called an S-wave. Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. waves. 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