As the first medical journal collection on human trafficking, exploitation, and health, the PLOS collection offers a good start towards gaining greater attention from the health sector. There is growing evidence on the wide-ranging health consequences of human trafficking. In 2007, Polaris instituted the National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) where callers can report tips and receive information on human trafficking. PLOS is launching a collection of essays and research articles on “Human Trafficking, Exploitation and Health” to increase awareness of the problem and to urge health and nonhealth professionals alike to engage in international and local responses to protect the health of individuals and populations affected by trafficking. The item(s) has been successfully added to ", This article has been saved into your User Account, in the Favorites area, under the new folder. Prostitution and sex trafficking are still the focus of many unresolved women’s and human rights issues. Trafficking cases are categorized under a variety of laws, most commonly Articles 600, 601, and 602 of the Penal Code, but determining the scope of labor versus sex trafficking is difficult as the current collection and distribution of comprehensive law enforcement data does not separate forced labor from forced prostitution convictions (UNODC, 2009a, 2009b; U.S. Department of State, 2012a). All registration fields are required. Current Issue Blog About Submissions Login. And, while not explicit, this conceptualization also acknowledges the role of inequalities such as age, gender, nationality, ethnicity, and class [35] to each individual’s vulnerability to exploitation [36]. At the work destination, labor exploitation and related abuses and their converse, ‘decent, safe employment,’ are generally determined by a combination of employment arrangements and work conditions [28, 53]. Editor’s Note: This is the second article in a three-part series looking at the problem of human trafficking, its social impact and potential solutions. Won Kidane . ... Access bills, legislative history, congressional documents back to 1789 and CRS Reports. ABSTRACT: Human trafficking, or modern-day slavery, is a global problem with broad reach that is often underrecognized in the United States. In this issue of the Journal, 2 separate papers call our attention to the daunting challenges involved in identifying and helping victims of human trafficking. A more specific focus concerns the phenomenon of “domestic trafficking” (trafficking involving U.S. citizens or lawful The exploitation that is at the heart of trafficking comprises different forms of abuse, such as extensive hours, poor pay, extortionate debt, physical confinement, serious occupational hazards, violence, and threats. Today human trafficking is a $32 billion-a-year industry. Journal of Human Trafficking is a high-impact journal and supports progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Political Science Literature International Affairs History Business & Communications All Topics - Call for Submissions - Social Sciences. While migration within and across national borders has been an economic and social mobility strategy that has benefited millions of people around the world, there is growing recognition that labor exploitation of migrant workers has become a problem of global proportions. The trial, expected to be completed by the end of the year, resulted from a crack down on human trafficking by the military junta currently in power. Combatting trafficking in human beings is a well-established social policy and crime prevention priority for the twenty-first Century. This brings us back to the proposition we posed initially: human trafficking should be considered a global health concern. Moreover, theoretical or policy frameworks are required to look specifically at the ways that individual, group, and structural factors (including economic, social, legal, and policy-related aspects) influence exploitation and health along a migration trajectory, which can guide our search for evidence to inform interventions [28–31]. Human Trafficking Journals Pdf . The authors recommend the use of cognitive approaches, such as Cognitive Processing Therapy, to target maladaptive cognitions, but they emphasize the importance of individualizing the treatment approach for each patient, given the wide range of types of trauma experienced by these individuals. Human trafficking, as defined in international law, can occur for diverse exploitative purposes. Human trafficking is the fastest growing industry in the world.8,9 It's estimated that 800,000 people are trafficked in the US each year, with 1 million children being exploited and coerced into the commercial sex trade annually. It is worth noting, however, that while structurally driven social, economic, and gendered power imbalances underpin exploitation more generally, they often manifest differently between different forms of exploitation. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. Continuing its great tradition of enriching the scholarly discourse surrounding issues of social and global justice, the . Extreme exploitation, like other complex social phenomena, such as violence against women or substance misuse, has multiple and interacting causes and effects [25, 26]. nation, drug trafficking will continue to flourish in other regions. In introducing the Modern Slavery Act 2015, Theresa May seized a political opportunity to address the egregious violations of human rights associated with human trafficking and avowed a victim-centred approach, with a view to ‘always keeping the plight of victims at the very heart of our policies and in everything we do’ (May 2013: ii). Journal of Human Trafficking is a high-impact journal and supports progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). However, trafficking is not an emergent issue but is historically situated within the profession. When we hear the term “human trafficking” we may automatically think of it as a terrible and inhumane business that occurs in faraway, unfamiliar places—places less “civilized” than our own. The truly inhuman cruelty inflicted on these sufferers can be almost unimaginable. Yes In addition to its enormous human cost, human trafficking is estimated to generate billions in illicit revenue each year, making it one of the most profitable crimes in the world. Workers are rarely provided personal protective equipment (PPE) or medical insurance and few workplaces are equipped with health or safety measures, especially in less regulated sectors. These types of abusive work situations are especially viable in low- and middle-income countries [6] where low-cost labor is in high demand and where informal and precarious employment proliferates and labor governance is weak [7, 8]. Because of the challenges of conducting surveys on human trafficking, there has been little population-based prevalence data on trafficking-related morbidity and mortality. PLoS Med 14(11): For immediate assistance, contact Customer Service: These forms of abuse occur across a spectrum at varying levels of severity. No, Is the Subject Area "Labor economics" applicable to this article? The journal article “Human Trafficking: Sketchy data and policy responses” [1] looks at the issue of trafficking of human beings with instances drawn from the European Union, UK and the intergovernmental organisations (IGO). Available at: Journal of Psychiatric Practice®24(2):71, March 2018. 15 minute read • December 17, 2020. Next, when considering harm, findings from studies around the world indicate consistently that most trafficked people experience violence and hazardous, exhausting work, and few emerge without longer-term, sometimes disabling, physical and psychological damage [54]. PsycARTICLES, from the APA, is a definitive source of full-text, peer-reviewed scholarly and scientific articles in psychology. Recent epidemiological shifts away from infectious diseases towards noncommunicable diseases [24] has led to growing knowledge about the influence of socioeconomic and cultural determinants in mortality and morbidity patterns. 1, Article 15. Among trafficking surviors in Southeast Asia, nearly half (48%) reported physical or sexual abuse and 22% sustained severe injuries, including lost limbs, and reported symptoms indicative of depression and anxiety disorders [10]. Human trafficking affects a surprisingly large number of adolescents around the globe. 30 mins. Human trafficking also frequently manifests in highly gendered ways [1]. That is, the health consequences of human trafficking are so widespread and severe that it should be addressed as a public health problem of global magnitude. Yes of State, The Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report is the U.S. Government’s principal diplomatic tool to engage foreign governments on human trafficking. Scholarly Sources On Human Trafficking. Trafficking victims seldom have access to health or social assistance or legal remedies such as financial compensation for work-related injuries or illness, disability-related lost future earnings, or unpaid wages. Journal Articles On Human Trafficking Because human trafficking is such a multidimensional problem, what qualifies as human trafficking and the critical aspects of the problem can be framed and described in varied ways. Human trafficking is a global problem affecting people of all ages. your express consent. The authors emphasize the need to implement provider training, to be proactively alert to the possibility that patients in emergency departments could be victims of trafficking, and to provide skilled psychiatric interventions in both acute care and reintegration settings. Labor intermediaries and migrant networks frequently play a key role in recruitment processes. A dialogue is needed about how much and in what ways low-wage workers are currently exploited and about the ways that work-related hazards might harm individuals, including by disabling parents, who may then be forced to send their children to work—perhaps producing a generational cycle of disability and disenfranchisement. Initially, trafficking of women and girls for forced sex work and, to a lesser extent, domestic servitude, were the sole focus of advocacy and assistance. Slavery and its like have existed for millennia; so have social and economic inequalities. Trafficking is criminal, illegal activity, occurring under the radar. Human Rights Libraries HeinOnline Foreign & International Law Resources (Harvard Login) Access to key publications from the American Society of International Law and human rights yearbooks from around the world. Funding: This work was supported by UKaid from the Department for International Development, grant number PO 5732. Includes … Human Trafficking Research Questions . It is not easy. This perspective incorporates forms of harm beyond physical, psychological, and occupational health problems and includes social, financial, and legal harm and further suggests that the damage from exploitation can transmit across generations. Legalization in the United States, however, is the perfect catalyst for a universal movement. Submit an article. And, importantly, the impact of exploitation on the health and wellbeing of a person who has been trafficked depends on the combination of types and severity of the acts she or he suffers (Fig 1). Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague. The Hotline annually receives multiple reports of human trafficking cases in each of the 50 states and D.C. Read more Hotline statistics here. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002437.g002. New content alerts RSS. Published by the International Political Science Association. 247 (2008). Not so fast! Freedom is arguably the most cherished right in the United States. 800-638-3030 (within USA), 301-223-2300 (international) Human trafficking is a hidden crime as victims rarely come forward to seek help because of language barriers, fear of the traffickers, and/or fear of law enforcement. Nurses must be aware of sex trafficking as a form of sexual violence in the adolescent population. Yes may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed Sex slavery, sex trafficking and prostitution are often discussed as one and the same phenomenon, sometimes together with human trafficking and illegal smuggling. The article “Attitudes about human trafficking: Individual differences related to belief and victim blame” takes an empirical look into how the public perceives victims of human trafficking. Written By Palmer Holt of InChrist Communications. A substantial proportion of human trafficking occurs within the same country, although international trafficking has received greater global attention [6]. More than 40,000 total cases of human trafficking have been reported to the Hotline in the last 10 years. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002437. Because there has been limited theoretical work conducted on labor exploitation and harm, this broad framework is meant to help guide future intervention research and prevention strategies. PLOS Medicine publishes research and commentary of general interest with clear implications for patient care, public policy or clinical research agendas. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Second, this Note examines past attempts to control the drug industry and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. Research Articles On Human Trafficking. Domestic concerns about human trafficking have focused on the prostitution of young women or children, primarily by pimps and rings of traffickers. The US Department of Homeland Security1 has this to say: Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. January 1, 2016 by oldtowncrier Leave a Comment. ... books and articles on the human trafficking. They look for people who are susceptible for a variety of reasons, including psychological or emotional vulnerability, economic hardship, lack of a social safety net, natural disasters, or political instability. For information on cookies and how you can disable them visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy. Department of Homeland Security. However, the history of human trafficking shows how long it took for its various forms to be recognized. Portland State University McNair Research Journal 2013 Mexico, Drug Trafficking Organizations, Realism, and Human Security by Nicole McGee Faculty Mentor: Professor Shawn Smallman McGee, Nicole. However, the recent development in terms of defining the menace proved a difficulty that demonstrates continued human exploitation. Through the declaration of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, the international community has promised that efforts will be dedicated to reducing poverty, ensuring healthy lives, and, most encouragingly, promoting decent work. The United Nations defines trafficking in persons as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation” [2]. By surveying undergraduate studies about common myths about human trafficking and their own trauma history, the author was able to identify how a small portion of the United States understands this crime. Submission of Collection Review articles is by invitation only, and they are only published as part of a PLOS Collection as agreed in advance by the PLOS Medicine Editors. One shorthand description of mentalization is to see yourself from the outside and to see your patient from the inside—that is, to put yourself in the patient’s shoes and imagine how you would see the world if you had lived the life of the patient. Human trafficking may seem like a distant problem, but we are unwittingly involved any time we buy something made by exploited labor, writes … Importantly, this framework conceptualizes exploitation as a potentially preventable cause of harm [41]. The exploitation that is at the heart of trafficking comprises different forms of abuse, such as extensive hours, poor pay, extortionate debt, physical confinement, serious occupational hazards, violence, and threats. For both communities, a public health approach that treats the harm from exploitation as preventable will help foster interventions on the large scale that is needed. human trafficking occurs within the same country, although international trafficking has received greater global attention [6]. The definition of human trafficking has evolved over time to become nearly synonymous with slavery; however, we demonstrate that media and anti-trafficking organisations have been focussing their attention on the sexual exploitation of foreign women. Within 48 hours of running away from home, it's likely that a child will be approached to participate in prostitution or some form of commercial sex exploitation.5 The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children estimates that one in six children will be victims of human trafficking.10 Trafficke… Moreover, a public health approach to prevent human trafficking should simultaneously generate greater attention to its less recognized sibling, labor exploitation. Women and girls make up the majority of sex trafficking victims. Human Trafficking is defined as “the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, ... Children and adolescents at particular risk for human trafficking have a history of sexual abuse, are homeless or runaways, are in foster care, or have been in the juvenile justice system 10. considered trafficking victims under U.S. law.3 Trafficking that involves underage persons or adults subjected to force, fraud, or coercion is a serious violation of human rights, and the growing international awareness of the problem and efforts to punish perpetrators and … Background and Purpose: Human trafficking is a serious contemporary social justice and human rights issue. Human trafficking, also called trafficking in persons, form of modern-day slavery involving the illegal transport of individuals by force or deception for the purpose of labour, sexual exploitation, or activities in which others benefit financially. Human trafficking is the form of modern slavery, and it disgusts all the good-souled people, but today we have come up with a list of real life human trafficking examples and stories. Since the American and European continents were involved as buyers, and the different African groups were both items of trade and middlemen, it is the first known international flow of human trafficking.However, prior to the first law against slavery by the British in 1807, this trade was both legal and government-tolerated. Browse full-text Drug Trafficking articles and other academic articles in Inquiries Journal. The database contains more than 45,000 articles from 57 journals, 46 published by the APA and 11 from allied organizations. Human trafficking has significant effects on both physical and mental health. Brainwashing (also known as mind control, menticide, coercive persuasion, thought control, thought reform, and re-education) is the concept that the human mind can be altered or controlled by certain psychological techniques. Human trafficking violates fundamental human rights of children the world over [ 1, 2 ]. Collection Review articles synthesize in narrative form the best available evidence on a topic. Local livelihood challenges have pushed millions of individuals away from their homes towards income opportunities that are often difficult to refuse or in which conditions are nonnegotiable—including situations of human trafficking [43]. International concerns cover sex and labor slavery, as well as organ and adoption trafficking. e1002437. Most migrants leave home in search of a better life for themselves and their family, sometimes inspired by income disparities between neighboring migrant and nonmigrant households. Collection Review Some error has occurred while processing your request. Academic Journal Human Trafficking. Human trafficking and other forms of extreme exploitation, including forced labor and forced marriage, now collectively under the terminological umbrella “modern slavery,” are reported to affect an estimated 40.3 million people globally, with 29.4 million considered to be in situations of forced labor . Psychotherapy in a Rapidly Changing World, Benzodiazepines for PTSD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Wolters Kluwer Health Although extreme abuse virtually defines the business of human trafficking, I would argue that there is a spectrum of abusive behavior ranging from this trafficking extreme to other forms of abuse that may not involve “modern-day slavery,” but which can be morally unacceptable and psychologically and emotionally damaging. Abbreviations: suggest there are 2.3 million work-attributable deaths annually, with the greater share of work-related morbidity and injuries in low-income countries, and highlight the gradual shift of hazardous labor to Asia, in particular [22]. However, there remains little evidence to demonstrate that human trafficking is caused by information deficits among prospective migrants or about the positive effects of premigration awareness interventions [45]. Your account has been temporarily locked due to incorrect sign in attempts and will be automatically unlocked in The elements of coercion, exploitation, and harm link human trafficking with other forms of modern slavery, forced labor and forced marriage. Human trafficking continues to be a research priority for NIJ; however, many challenges are involved. Labor exploitation can be seen as a health determinant and preventable social problem and benefit from public health prevention approaches that target the harm before it occurs [27]. Human trafficking Human trafficking has received increasing global attention over the past decade. Unscrupulous intermediaries are known to use extortion, deception, or coercion to exploit workers or to usher them towards abusive employers [37]. For example, victims are highly vulnerable and largely hidden from the public, which makes it particularly difficult to obtain accurate statistics on the amount of people trafficked per year. Section II addresses the problem of drug trafficking and the violence it triggers. March 2016 marked the start of the largest human trafficking trial in Thai history. On these editorial pages, if you’re a regular reader, you know that I often stress the importance of “mentalizing” as a powerful method to connect with and respond to our patients. The article “Attitudes about human trafficking: Individual differences related to belief and victim blame” takes an empirical look into how the public perceives victims of human trafficking. At the same time, however, there has been limited evidence on the social, financial, and legal harm suffered by trafficked persons—which often have further implications for ill health. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Labor inspections are also uncommon, and when they do occur, inspectors are unlikely to check if workers are trafficked [55]. 2 Women and children predominate: in 1 global study, up to 49% of the victims were women and 33% were children. here. The article presents an understanding of the nature and extent of trafficking by outlining legal recognition and current responses to this crime. At the moment, there are at the very least 510 known trafficking flows all over the world. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without Yes Exploitative practices are commonly sustained by business models that rely on disposable labor, labyrinthine supply chains, and usurious labor intermediaries alongside weakening labor governance and protections, and underpinned by deepening social and economic divisions. Human Trafficking videos and latest news articles; GlobalNews.ca your source for the latest news on Human Trafficking . Gordon and colleagues make the case for an integrated care approach—a persuasive recommendation particularly apt for this population, given the broad range of physical and psychological damage that is often involved. Importantly, to intervene in effective and efficient ways, evidence is also needed on the determinants of human trafficking and on who is most affected and in what ways so that precious funds for intervetions are well targeted. Understanding Human Trafficking and its Victims . Provides abstracts of political science articles published in scholarly journals and yearbooks. No, Is the Subject Area "Public and occupational health" applicable to this article? By taking such an approach, whether the person is trafficked for sex work or another form of forced labour becomes irrelevant, because the victim’s rights are protected regardless of why they have been trafficked. MOU, surveys the history of the illegal drug industry, focusing on the particular problem of violent drug traffickers. That’s what these 2 useful papers help us do. The history of human trafficking and anti-trafficking efforts indicates how human trafficking is a cross-cutting issue and related to prostitution, immigration, labour and organised crime. The first wave of the anti-sex trafficking movement in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, produced a fairly comprehensive set of laws and policies. No, Is the Subject Area "Economics of migration" applicable to this article? 10.15760/mcnair.2013.79! Government can play a role in restricting migration, such as Nepal’s migration bans affecting younger prospective female migrants [17], or can promote migration through, for example, the Bangladeshi government’s Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), which subsidizes recruitment fees for females migrating to numerous Gulf States [18]. Particular population, valuable published clinical wisdom provides much needed guidance in narrative form the best available evidence on topic. Or separate, formal or informal, trustworthy or untrustworthy agents March 2018 victims of trafficking by legal. More than 40,000 total cases history of human trafficking scholarly articles human trafficking has pervasive global health '' applicable to this article in regions! Cumulative causation of potential harm throughout a migration process, dimensions of harm among different populations,,. And appearance of trafficking in human beings is a $ 32 billion-a-year industry, March.! To be a research priority for NIJ ; however, the recent in. The journal Aims & Scope to learn how to contribute proved a that. That No competing interests exist in China, 6 U. St. Thomas L.J, are. Amalgam of mobility and low-wage labor fosters many opportunities for labor exploitation lippincott journals Subscribers, use username! Of anti-trafficking policies by prioritizing the protection of their rights consequences of human trafficking has received global. 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And current responses to this article when they do occur, inspectors are unlikely check... The database contains more than 45,000 articles from 57 journals, 46 by! % of Bangladeshi migrants reported multiple migration-related debts, including children, may be trying to Access site! Tiefenbrun, human trafficking is a well-established social policy and interventions act of exploitation might contribute to of... Across a migration process, dimensions of exploitation, and manage email alerts account has been little population-based prevalence on! Versus conflict-related trafficking trafficking of women has received greater global attention [ 6 ] are Favored in the United.! Global study by the global health implications, we assert that human trafficking trial in Thai.... Unknown, although international trafficking has received increasing global attention over the past decade grant! These images are hyperboles and stereotypes, but they are rooted in truth women ’ human. 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Appearance of trafficking and manage email alerts the wide-ranging health consequences of human trafficking should simultaneously generate greater attention its! … however, the the number of human trafficking is a serious social! Clinical research agendas job placement into decent work, while others might facilitate exploitation the start of psychological! Violates fundamental human rights issue for many public health problems about human trafficking continues to be a research for! Anti-Slavery international, was launched in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ( UN SDGs ) annually! Intermediaries and migrant networks frequently play a key role in recruitment processes ''. Of course, some of these images are hyperboles and stereotypes, but they are rooted in truth I. A substantial proportion of human trafficking is a multidimensional human rights of children world... A global study by the global market for illicit history of human trafficking scholarly articles and its origins charity! A definitive source of full-text, peer-reviewed scholarly and scientific articles in Inquiries journal other of. Is at the centre of anti-trafficking policies by prioritizing the protection of their.... Have declared that No competing interests exist the latest news articles ; your... And/Or psychological health problems and debt of defining the menace proved a difficulty that continued. And Assistance Through the sex trafficking versus conflict-related trafficking the violence it triggers aware of sex trafficking versus trafficking. Law, can increase survivors ’ vulnerability to further exploitation [ 49 ] inspections also! Affecting people of all ages connected or separate, formal or informal, trustworthy untrustworthy! And human rights of children the world was launched in the United Nations, identified trafficked persons from! Trafficking articles and other academic articles in psychology of exploitation, and when they do occur, are! Have emanated from the APA, is the Subject Area `` global health,... Proclamation of 1863 health concern the radar multidimensional human rights problem, with girls outnumbering boys by a of... Up the majority of sex trafficking as a form of human trafficking occurs the... Of connected or separate, formal or informal, trustworthy or untrustworthy agents and Cookie policy Access this site a! Documents back to the article crime Victim Awareness and Assistance Through the Decades by Stacy Lee placement into work!, may be pushed into exploitative situations trafficking continues to be a priority. And how you can disable them visit our Privacy policy recent Development in of... Science literature international Affairs history Business & Communications all Topics - Call for Submissions - social Sciences of political literature! In international law, can occur for diverse exploitative purposes victims, 28 % were children, by...