[118][119] It does not have inheritance tax, estate tax, or sales taxes. Following the victory of the United States in the Mexican–American War (1846–48), under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, Mexico ceded its northern holdings including the territories of California, Texas, and New Mexico, to the United States of America. [58] This is compared with 21.0% of the nation as a whole according to United States Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey estimates. [49] Judge Phillips wrote: Any other citizen, regardless of race, in the State of New Mexico who has not paid one cent of tax of any kind or character, if he possesses the other qualifications, may vote. While New Mexico’s high altitude, desert climate, and rocky soil make it a unique growing region, our chiles rely on this rugged environment for their distinct, beloved flavors. Capital Outlay Request Forms Submit Capital Outlay Request 2021 Capital Outlay Request Deadline: 5 P.M., Thursday, February 11, 2021 Forms may be completed online beginning December 1, 2020 Other Information Session Publications (includes Capital Outlay Publications) Capital Outlay Information Bulletin Infrastructure Capital Improvement Plan (ICIP) The median income for a household in the city was $40,392, and the median income for a family was $49,705. By the 20th century the Santa Fe River was a seasonal waterway. The Santa Fe Southern line is one of the United States' few rails with trails. The barriers were erected following the Jan. 6 … [40], The city of Santa Fe is a charter city. In the late 19th century, the majority of officially European-descended residents in New Mexico were ethnic Mexicans, many of whom had deep roots in the area from early Spanish colonial times. [134], There were 2,354 route miles of railroads in the year 2000; this number increased with the opening of the Rail Runner's extension to Santa Fe. [151] It is undeveloped and has one tenant, UP Aerospace, launching small payloads. Early transcontinental auto trails later crossed the state bringing more migrants. Various U.S. national security agencies base their research and testing arms in New Mexico, such as the Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories. [37] The city government realized that the economic decline, which had started more than twenty years before with the railway moving west and the federal government closing down Fort Marcy, might be reversed by the promotion of tourism. In the 21st century, employment growth areas in New Mexico include electronic circuitry, scientific research, call centers, and Indian casinos. Due to the presence of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories and the Santa Fe Institute, and because of its attractiveness for visitors and an established tourist industry, Santa Fe routinely serves as a host to a variety of scientific meetings, summer schools, and public lectures, such as International q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing, Santa Fe Institute's Complex Systems Summer School,[62] and LANL's Center For Nonlinear Studies[63] Annual Conference. The illusion of the city of Santa Fe as compared to New York City has been depicted in the musicals Newsies and Rent. Region Is Methane 'Hot Spot', NASA Finds", "Study: Methane emissions much higher than EPA says", "Federal Spending Received Per Dollar of Taxes Paid by State, 2005", "Economic Impact of the Closure of Cannon Air Force Base", "Governor Signs Film Production Tax Incentives", "Governor Richardson Announces New Laws to Take Effect; New State laws go into effect June 15, 2007", "Top 10 US Tax Haven States | SBC Magazine", "New Mexico touted as tax-friendly state in latest ranking", "New Mexico Retirement Tax Friendliness | SmartAsset.com", "Santa Fe National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)", http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jul/07/nation/na-new-mexico-dwi7, "U.S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Table 2-1: Highway Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rates: 2000", "Mass. Cobarrubias and Fishman therefore argue that New Mexico cannot be considered a bilingual state as not all laws are published in both languages. [142]:64 Named trains often reflected the territory they traveled: Super Chief, the streamlined successor to the Chief;[142] Navajo, an early transcontinental tourist train; and Cavern, a through car operation connecting Clovis and Carlsbad (by the early 1950s as train 23–24),[136]:49–50[143]:51 were some of the named passenger trains of the ATSF that connoted New Mexico. As part of the New Mexico Campaign of the Civil War, General Henry Sibley occupied the city, flying the Confederate flag over Santa Fe for a few days in March 1862. [14] The Spaniards had hoped to find wealthy indigenous Mexica (Aztec) cultures there similar to those of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire of the Valley of Mexico. New Mexico, constituent state of the U.S., which became the 47th state of the union in 1912. Lamy is also served by Amtrak's daily Southwest Chief for train service to Chicago, Los Angeles, and intermediate points. Many were narrow and included small alley-ways, but each gradually merged into the more casual byways of the agricultural perimeter areas. The latest available data for 2014 estimate the number of persons in poverty at 420,388 (20.6% of the population).[58]. The Santa Fe Trail was the 19th-century territory's vital commercial and military highway link to the Eastern United States. [8][9], Before European colonization of the Americas, the area Santa Fe occupied between 900 CE and the 1500s was known to the Tewa peoples as Oghá P'o'oge ("White Shell Water Place") and by the Navajo people as Yootó ('Bead' 'Water Place'). This is an ancient sun symbol of a Native American people called the Zia. The city has six private college preparatory high schools: Santa Fe Waldorf School,[78] St. Michael's High School, Desert Academy,[79] New Mexico School For The Deaf, Santa Fe Secondary School, Santa Fe Preparatory School, and the Mandela International Magnet School. Sibley was forced to withdraw after Union troops destroyed his logistical trains following the Battle of Glorieta Pass. At the turn of the 19th century, the extreme northeastern part of New Mexico, north of the Canadian River and east of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains was still claimed by France, which sold it in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Interstate 10 travels in the southwest portion of New Mexico starting from the Arizona stateline near Lordsburg to the area in between Las Cruces and Anthony, near El Paso, Texas. Don Juan de Oñate led the first European effort to colonize the region in 1598, establishing Santa Fe de Nuevo México as a province of New Spain. The territory was reconquered in 1692 by Don Diego de Vargas through the war campaign called the "Bloodless Reconquest" which was criticized as violent even at the time, it was actually the following governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdez that truly started to broker peace, such as the founding of Albuquerque, to guarantee better representation and trade access for Pueblos in New Mexico's government. [130] The former number has increased with the upgrading of roads near Pojoaque, Santa Fe and Las Cruces to freeways. [1], The New Mexican landscape ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. It is usually regarded as one of the Mountain States. [60][69] The 2018 racial composition of the population was estimated to be:[70], According to the United States Census Bureau, 1.5% of the population identifies as multiracial/mixed-race, a population larger than both the Asian and NHPI population groups. Apply to Family Medicine Physician, Infrastructure Manager, Hospitalist and more! The taxable value of property is 1/3 of the assessed value. Population: ~ 2,100,000. In its earliest alignment (1926–1937), U.S. Route 66 ran through Santa Fe.[75]. [57], The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of New Mexico was 2,096,829 on July 1, 2019, a 1.83% increase since the 2010 census. New Mexico's latitude and low passes made it an attractive east–west transportation corridor. [110] Other federal installations include the technology labs of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories. New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States of America; its capital is Santa Fe, which was founded in 1610 as capital of Nuevo México (itself established as a province of New Spain in 1598), while its largest city is Albuquerque with its accompanying metropolitan area. In 2000 the value of oil and gas produced was $8.2 billion,[99] and in 2006, New Mexico accounted for 3.4% of the crude oil, 8.5% of the dry natural gas, and 10.2% of the natural gas liquids produced in the United States. The New Mexico Legislature consists of the House of Representatives and Senate. Councilors are elected to staggered four-year terms and one councilor from each district is elected every two years. New Mexico has had a problem with drunk driving, but that has lessened. US 66, The Mother Road, was replaced by I-40 in 1985. Congress established the separate New Mexico Territory in September 1850. It has the highest elevation of a state capital in the US and it is 7,199 feet above the sea level. The fundamental principle was that the town be laid out around a central plaza. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. Veterans were disappointed to return and find their civil rights limited by state discrimination. [92] In 2007, the per capita personal income was $31,474 (ranked 43rd in the nation). Santa Fe is served by the Santa Fe Municipal Airport. New Mexico capital city gears up for possible protests. The historic Bandelier National Monument and the Valles Caldera can be found about 30 mi (48 km) away. [117] New Mexico is one of the largest tax havens in the US, offering numerous economic incentives and tax breaks on personal and corporate income. [32][33] The 24-hour average temperature in the city ranges from 30.3 °F (−0.9 °C) in December to 70.1 °F (21.2 °C) in July. In 1581, the Chamuscado and Rodríguez Expedition named the region north of the Rio Grande "San Felipe del Nuevo México". [184], Silver City, in the southwestern mountains of the state, was originally a mining town, and at least one nearby mine still operates. 1 well, begun in late 1927 with a standard cable-tool drilling rig, revealed the first signs of oil from the Hobbs field on June 13, 1928. [37]:52, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado assembled an enormous expedition at Compostela in 1540–1542 to explore and find the mythical Seven Golden Cities of Cibola as described by Fray Marcos de Niza. New Mexico's eastern border lies along 103°W longitude with the state of Oklahoma, and (due to a 19th-century surveying error)[18] 2.2 miles (3.5 kilometres) west of 103°W longitude with Texas. The New Mexico Rail Runner Express is a commuter rail service operating in Valencia, Bernalillo (including Albuquerque), Sandoval, and Santa Fe Counties. However, "in the rush to pueblofy"[38] Santa Fe, the city lost a great deal of its architectural history and eclecticism. [57] The Santa Fe Opera stages its productions between late June and late August each year. PDF. This means individuals on New Mexico's Death Row can still be executed. [136]:9 The first operational railroad, the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (ATSF), entered the territory by way of the lucrative and contested Raton Pass in 1878. Both Confederate and Union governments claimed ownership and territorial rights over New Mexico Territory. SANTA FE, N.M. (AP) – Fencing has been erected outside the New Mexico Statehouse and other government buildings as officials prepare for political unrest ahead of the upcoming legislative session and next week’s presidential inauguration. [16] As of 2007[update], the river was recognized as the most endangered river in the United States, according to the conservation group American Rivers.[17]. The planners foresaw that its development must be in harmony with the city's character.[27]. Their entire army was captured and jailed by the Hispanic New Mexico militia. Within the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, New Mexico belongs to the Ecclesiastical Province of Santa Fe. The city sponsored architectural restoration projects and erected new buildings according to traditional techniques and styles, thus creating the Santa Fe Style. The city had become "different". With low precipitation, though, it is more similar to the climates of Turkey that fall into this category. [76][77] Prior to the Rail Runner's extension to Santa Fe, Park and Ride operated commuter coach service between Albuquerque and Santa Fe. Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico. An Indian, and only an Indian, in order to meet the qualifications to vote, must have paid a tax. [29] In 1945, four internees were seriously injured when violence broke out between the internees and guards in an event known as the Santa Fe Riot. [citation needed]. However, the Confederate territorial government continued to operate out of Texas, and Confederate troops marched under the Arizona flag until the end of the war. When the boundary was fixed, a surveyor's error awarded the Permian Basin to the State of Texas. [178] Albuquerque also has the unique and memorable KiMo Theater built in 1927 in the Pueblo Revival Style architecture. The styles run the whole spectrum from Baroque to Post-modern. New Mexico has traditionally been considered a swing state, whose population has favored both Democratic and Republican presidential candidates, but it has become more of a Democratic stronghold beginning with the presidential election of 2008. Santa Fe has had an association with science and technology since 1943 when the town served as the gateway to Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), a 45-minute drive from the city. NM-599 forms a limited-access road bypass around the northwestern part of the city. The town was named after James Hobbs, a homesteader there in 1907. Men had a median income of $32,373 versus $27,431 for women. Area: 121,589 sq mi (315,194 sq km). After the mainline of the railroad bypassed Santa Fe, it lost population. [149][150][151] Rocket launches began in April 2007. The region (along with territory that makes up present-day southeastern Colorado, the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles, and southwestern Kansas) was ceded to Spain under the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819. The New Mexico State Capitol, located in Santa Fe at 490 Old Santa Fe Trail, is the house of government of the U.S. state of New Mexico. No less than six daily long-distance roundtrip trains supplemented by many branch line and local trains served New Mexico in the early 1960s. That's neat, but did you know that Santa Fe was already a capital city before New Mexico became a state in 1912? [29] By September, the internees had been transferred to other facilities—523 to War Relocation Authority concentration camps in the interior of the West, and 302 to Army internment camps. It wanted to control lands needed for the right-of-way to encourage construction of a transcontinental railroad. [164] In a landmark decision, a state judge ruled in 2018 that "New Mexico is violating the constitutional rights of at-risk students by failing to provide them with sufficient education,"[165] and ordered that the governor and Legislature provide an adequate system by April 2019. Here are five facts about Sante Fe: 1. Upham, near Truth or Consequences, is the location of the world's first operational and purpose-built commercial spaceport, Spaceport America. The New Mexico Capital Outlay Dashboard is an online tool that allows the public, local governments, and state policymakers to track and analyze local infrastructure projects. [126] All with termini in Northern New Mexico, the Camino Real, the Santa Fe Trail and the Old Spanish Trail are all recognized as National Historic Trails. It is considered one of the world's great art cities, due to its many art galleries and installations, and is recognized by UNESCO's Creative Cities Network. The Magazine has been the arts magazine of Santa Fe since its founding by Guy Cross in 1992. He built the Santa Fe Saint Francis Cathedral and shaped Catholicism in the region until his death in 1888.[21]. On New Mexico's flag we see a red sun with rays streching out from it. According to the Köppen climate classification, depending on which variant of the system is used, the city has either a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) or a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb), unusual but not uncommon at 35°N. The Santa Fe site was used next to hold German and Italian nationals, who were considered enemy aliens after the outbreak of war. The Zia believed that the giver of all good gave them gifts in groups of four. As a part of the labeled New Mexico with capital, the capital city of New Mexico state is Santa Fe. The judge is elected to four-year terms. Native Americans from New Mexico fought for the United States in both the First and Second World Wars. [11] New Mexico is home to part of the Navajo Nation, 19 federally recognized Pueblo communities of Puebloan peoples, and three different federally recognized Apache tribes. The executive is composed of the governor and other statewide elected officials including the lieutenant governor (elected on the same ticket as the governor), attorney general, secretary of state, state auditor, state treasurer, and commissioner of public lands. 02:00. [95] As of April 2012[update], the state's unemployment rate was 7.2%. The biennials are on par with such renowned exhibitions as the Whitney Biennial and the Venice Biennale. New Mexico received its name long before the present-day nation of Mexico won independence from Spain and adopted that name in 1821. As early as the 1980s, former Governor Toney Anaya proposed building a high-speed rail line connecting the two cities with New Mexico's major cities. Before December 2013, New Mexico law neither explicitly allowed nor prohibited same-sex marriage. The two groups struggled for power and the future of the territory. Art is also a frequent theme in Albuquerque, New Mexico's largest city. Today, New Mexico's Interstate Highways approximate the earlier land routes of the Camino Real, the Santa Fe Trail and the transcontinental railroads. Passenger train service once connected nine of New Mexico's present ten most populous cities (the exception is Rio Rancho), while today passenger train service connects two: Albuquerque and Santa Fe. [82] While Spanish was permitted in the legislature until 1935, all state officials are required to have a good knowledge of English. Most of the Mexican immigrants reside in the southern part of the state. According to the 2000 United States Census,[75]:6 Cultural highlights include Santa Fe Plaza and the Palace of the Governors, and the Fiesta de Santa Fe, as well as distinct New Mexican cuisine restaurants and New Mexico music performances. The pre-Columbian trade with Mesoamerican cultures included northbound exotic birds, seashells and copper. In 2018, NMDA estimated New Mexico’s chile production at $53.8 million with a reported 8,400 acres of chile planted and 7,900 harvested. It is one of the Mountain States and shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. Santa Fe's rodeo, the Rodeo De Santa Fe, is held annually the last week of June. [12], The standard Spanish pronunciation of the city's name is SAHN-tah-FAY, as contextualized within the city's full Spanish name La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís. There are 26 Democrats and 16 Republicans in the Senate, and 47 Democrats and 23 Republicans in the House of Representatives. Among U.S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanic ancestry, at 47% (as of July 1, 2012). At that time, the estimated number of persons in poverty was recorded at 309,193 (17.3% of the population). All reviews art collection governor's office new mexico house and senate chambers information desk four floors beautiful building excellent art free tour guided tour local artists legislature capital session government senator dome hallway symbol sculptures visitors politics [136]:8 New Mexico's rail transportation system reached its height in terms of length following admission as a state; in 1914 eleven railroads operated 3124 route miles. The executive branch of government is fragmented as outlined in the state constitution. (Only its conventional "trigger" detonated.)[55][56]. The barriers were erected following the Jan. 6 riot in Washington, D.C., after safety concerns for the upcoming legislative session. Native New Mexican languages include Mescalero Apache, Jicarilla Apache, Tewa, Southern Tiwa, Northern Tiwa, Towa, Keres (Eastern and Western), and Zuni. In 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico. In August, the city hosts the annual Santa Fe Indian Market, which is the oldest and largest juried Native American art showcase in the world. The Spanish laid out the city according to the "Laws of the Indies", town planning rules and ordinances which had been established in 1573 by King Philip II. [30] The camp was located in what is now the Casa Solana neighborhood. [40]:49, The settlement of La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís was established as a more permanent capital at the foot of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in 1610. The governor appoints a cabinet who lead agencies statutorily designated under their jurisdiction. New Mexico is one of eight states that fund college scholarships through the state lottery. With a total area of 121,590 sq mi (314,900 km2), it is the fifth-largest and sixth-least densely populated of the 50 states. During World War II, the federal government ordered a Japanese American internment camp to be established. [187] Las Cruces also has a variety of cultural and artistic opportunities for residents and visitors.[188]. The Colorado Plateau in the northwest corner of New Mexico is high desert with cold winters, and is characterized by sagebrush, shadescale, greasewood, and other plants adapted to the saline and seleniferous soil. [60] In 2008, New Mexico had the highest percentage (47%) of Hispanics (of any race) of any state,[60] with 83% native-born and 17% foreign-born.[74]. It began operation on July 14, 2006. states. Diocese of Gallup, Military Family Museum needs new home Yahoo News A branch line was completed from Lamy to Santa Fe in 1880. New Mexico residents may purchase any firearm deemed legal under federal law. [34], In January 2016, New Mexico sued the United States Environmental Protection Agency over negligence after the 2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill. [49], A major oil discovery in 1928 brought wealth to the state, especially Lea County and the town of Hobbs. New Mexico is home to several baseball teams of the Pecos League: the Roswell Invaders, Ruidoso Osos, Santa Fe Fuego and the White Sands Pupfish. [179] In addition to other general interest theaters, Albuquerque also has the African American Performing Arts Center and Exhibit Hall which showcases achievements by people of African descent[180] and the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center which highlights the cultural heritage of the First Nations people of New Mexico.[181]. Fencing blocks the entrance to an New Mexico State capitol building on Wednesday, Jan. 13, 2021, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Under Juan de Oñate and his son, the capital of the province was the settlement of San Juan de los Caballeros north of Santa Fe near modern Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo. [45] It included most of the present-day states of Arizona and New Mexico, and part of Colorado. The seven industries recommended by the report "represent a good mix for short-, mid-, and long-term economic cultivation. The Midwest Refining Company's Hobbs well-produced oil until 2002. Additionally, both characters ultimately decide to stay in New York City because they realize their love of the city and its people, despite everything. The Anglo-Americans tended to have more ties to the territorial governor and judges, who were appointed by officials out of the region. Beginning in June 1942, the Department of Justice arrested 826 Japanese-American men after the attack on Pearl Harbor; they held them near Santa Fe, in a former Civilian Conservation Corps site that had been acquired and expanded for the purpose. 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